Overview

The aim of the project is to learn more about the health of young Australians as they pass through the ‘checkpoint’ between being children and teenagers. Its information will help researchers and policy-makers understand how a child’s first decade determines their health as they approach the teenage years.

Professor Melissa Wake: Child Health Checkpoint overview

Professor Melissa Wake provides an insight into the research findings and impacts of the MCRI's Child Health Checkpoint.

Because health issues can run in families, we also offered a health check to the child’s parent or guardian in the same session. We hope the data will help improve prevention and treatment of illness, and the promotion of health throughout society.

Growing Up in Australia’s younger children were invited to take part as the CheckPoint moved around Australia in 2015-16. The state-of-the-art health activities measure heart, lung, kidney and bone health, fitness, strength, vision, hearing, diet, activity and more.

The Child Health CheckPoint provides:

• The first national data on heart, lung and other aspects of health for Australian 11-12-year-olds and their parents
• Insights into how children make a healthy start to adolescence - drawing on all the study participants have told us over the last decade
• Vital information on how pre-teen health paves the way to adult health and illness
• We also hope the children enjoyed health activities and learning about their body. 

Why a Child Health CheckPoint?

Over the last ten years, the families in Growing Up in Australia have told us so much about themselves and their child–right since he or she was a baby. These early years build the foundations of good health for life. We are lucky in Australia that most children are healthy. Unfortunately, Australian adults still have high rates of heart and lung disease, diabetes, and many other problems.

By 11-12 years of age, children already show wide variations in their health measurements. Just like height and weight, measures such as blood pressure, lung function and blood cholesterol also vary between children even when they are fit and well. These 'normal' differences can predict future adult health. So can children's existing health problems, like asthma, obesity, and poor vision.

The Child Health CheckPoint gathered detailed information on the health of Australian 11-12-year-old children and their parents. It added the data to the Growing Up in Australia dataset in early 2019, and we hope researchers and policymakers will use it for a wide range of research for many years to come. 

Visit Growing Up in Australia website to learn more about the study.

Information for participants

Families

Who joined the CheckPoint? 

From December 2014, the CheckPoint team sent an invitation and subsequently telephoned all families to ascertain interest and book an appointment. We were able to assess nearly 2000 child-parent pairs, which was about half of the families still participating in Growing Up in Australia's younger cohort ten years into the study. Families could choose which parent came along to the assessment, and 87% of our parent sample are mothers. In total, 1874 children and 1874 parents participated in this detailed cross-sectional biophysical assessment.

What did the study involve?

The CheckPoint provided a one-off physical health assessment to the 11-12 year olds children and one of their parents. As the CheckPoint moved around the country in 2015-16, children and parents were invited to attend the centre nearest to their home or have a home visit. We set the CheckPoint Assessment Centres up in 16 cities, and home visits conducted in 18 cities and towns. The geographical distribution of our sample mirrored the Australian population. 

Most families (n=1356, 72%) attended a 3.5-hour appointment at a large Assessment Centre. They rotated through 17 stations in activities assessing their heart and lung health, fitness, strength, vision, diet, activity and more. Up to 25 children and their parents/guardians took part each day, arriving every 15-30 minutes. Mini-centres, operating in smaller regional cities comprised a slightly shorter 2.5-hour appointment with a subset of measures. Families who could not attend an assessment centre were offered a 1.5-hour home visit. At the end of the visit, we gave parents a snapshot summary of their and their child's health.

Participant information and consent booklet 

The attending parents/caregivers provided written informed consent for themselves and their children to take part in the CheckPoint.

• Participant Information and Consent Booklet2.10 MB.

For Students

We have hosted a large amount of student projects with a broad range of topics within CheckPoint including:

• 12 PhDs
• 8 Masters
• 12 Honours
• 17 Postgraduate Medicine 6mo research project
• 50 summer/winter students and interns

Research team

Professor Wake has played a key role in designing the health aspects of Growing Up in Australia since its inception in 2002.

Supporters

Postdoctoral researchers, biostatisticians and operations team

Dr Susan Clifford
Project manager
Postdoctoral Researcher

Dr Katherine Lange
Data Manager
Bioinformatician

Dr Kate Lycett
Postdoctoral Researcher

Dr Jessica Kerr
Postdoctoral Researcher

Susie Ellul
Biostatistician

Anneke Grobler
Biostatistician

Alanna Gillespie
Research Assistant

Publications

You can subscribe and follow projects to be notified of new Child Health CheckPoint publications, via our ResearchGate.

2022

Arachchige GRP, Pook CJ, Jones B, Coe M, Saffery R, Wake M, et al. Fat-Soluble Vitamers: Parent-Child Concordance and Population Epidemiology in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Nutrients 2022;14:4990. doi: 10.3390/nu14234990

Begum T, Fatima Y, Anuradha S, Hasan M, Mamun AA. Longitudinal Association between Caesarean Section Birth and Cardio-Vascular Risk Profiles among Adolescents in Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 2022 doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.13288

Dumuid D, Olds T, Lange K, Edwards B, Lycett K, Burgner DP, et al. Goldilocks Days: Optimising Children's Time Use for Health and Well-Being. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2022;76(3):301-08. doi: 10.1136/jech-2021-216686

Dumuid D, Olds T, Wake M, Lund Rasmussen C, Pedišić Ž, Hughes JH, et al. Your Best Day: An Interactive App to Translate How Time Reallocations within a 24-Hour Day Are Associated with Health Measures. PLoS One 2022;17(9):e0272343. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272343

Lange K, Kerr JA, Mansell T, O'Sullivan JM, Burgner DP, Clifford SA, et al. Can Adult Polygenic Scores Improve Prediction of Body Mass Index in Childhood? International Journal of Obesity 2022;46(7):1375-83. doi: 10.1038/s41366-022-01130-2

Le HN, Mensah F, Eadie P, Sciberras E, Bavin EL, Reilly S, et al. Health-Related Quality of Life of Caregivers of Children with Low Language: Results from Two Australian Population-Based Studies. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 2022;24(4):352-61. doi: 10.1080/17549507.2021.1976836

Lycett KM, Wijayawickrama DJ, Liu M, Grobler A, Burgner DP, Baur LA, et al. Does an Inflammatory Diet Affect Mental Well-Being in Late Childhood and Mid-Life? A Cross-Sectional Study. British Journal of Nutrition 2022;127(6):939-47. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521001616

O'Connor M, Moreno-Betancur M, Goldfeld S, Wake M, Patton G, Dwyer T, et al. Data Resource Profile: Melbourne Children's Lifecourse Initiative (Lifecourse). International Journal of Epidemiology 2022;51(5):e229-e44. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyac086

Priest N, Guo S, Gondek D, Lacey RE, Burgner D, Downes M, et al. The Effect of Adverse and Positive Experiences on Inflammatory Markers in Australian and UK Children. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - Health 2022;26:100550. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100550

Putra I, Astell-Burt T, Feng X. Perceived Green Space Quality, Child Biomarkers and Health-Related Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study. Environmental Pollution 2022;303:119075. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119075

Saraf S, Grobler A, Liu RS, Liu M, Wake M, Olds T, et al. Takeaway Food, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Preclinical Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in Children and Adults. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 2022;28(16):1784-94. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa070

Stormon N, Clifford S, Lange K, Mangoyana C, Ford P, Wake M, et al. Oral Health: Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children and Parents. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2022;50(4):260-69. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12662

Wang J, Liu M, Sung V, Grobler A, Saffery R, Lange K, et al. Does Inflammation Mediate the Association between Obesity and Hearing Status in Mid-Childhood and Mid-Life? International Journal of Obesity 2022;46(6):1188-95. doi: 10.1038/s41366-022-01080-9

Watson A, Dumuid D, Maher C, Olds T. Associations between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Academic Achievement in Australian Primary School-Aged Children. Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022;11(4):521-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.004 

2021

Ahmad K, Kabir E, Ormsby GM, Khanam R. Clustering of Asthma and Related Comorbidities and Their Association with Maternal Health During Pregnancy: Evidence from an Australian Birth Cohort. BMC Public Health 2021;21(1):1952. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11997-x

Andraos S, Jones B, Wall C, Thorstensen E, Kussmann M, Cameron-Smith D, et al. Plasma B Vitamers: Population Epidemiology and Parent-Child Concordance in Children and Adults. Nutrients 2021;13(3) doi: 10.3390/nu13030821

Andraos S, Lange K, Clifford SA, Jones B, Thorstensen EB, Wake M, et al. Population Epidemiology and Concordance for Plasma Amino Acids and Precursors in 11-12-Year-Old Children and Their Parents. Scientific Reports 2021;11(1):3619. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80923-9

Dumuid D, Martin-Fernandez JA, Ellul S, Kenett RS, Wake M, Simm P, et al. Analysing Body Composition as Compositional Data: An Exploration of the Relationship between Body Composition, Body Mass and Bone Strength. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 2021;30(1):331-46. doi: 10.1177/0962280220955221

Dumuid D, Wake M, Burgner D, Tremblay MS, Okely AD, Edwards B, et al. Balancing Time Use for Children's Fitness and Adiposity: Evidence to Inform 24-Hour Guidelines for Sleep, Sedentary Time and Physical Activity. PLoS One 2021;16(1):e0245501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245501

Guo YL, Ampon RD, Hanigan IC, Knibbs LD, Geromboux C, Su TC, et al. Relationship between Life-Time Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years. Environmental Pollution 2021;291:118072. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118072

Kerr JA, Liu RS, Gasser CE, Mensah FK, Burgner D, Lycett K, et al. Diet Quality Trajectories and Cardiovascular Phenotypes/Metabolic Syndrome Risk by 11-12 Years. International Journal of Obesity 2021;45(7):1392-403. doi: 10.1038/s41366-021-00800-x

Liu M, Lovern C, Lycett K, He M, Wake M, Wong TY, et al. The Association between Markers of Inflammation and Retinal Microvascular Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Atherosclerosis 2021;336:12-22. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.09.025

Matricciani L, Dumuid D, Paquet C, Fraysse F, Wang Y, Baur LA, et al. Sleep and Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adults: Examining Sleep as a Component of the 24-H Day. Sleep Medicine 2021;78:63-74. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.12.001

Matricciani L, Paquet C, Fraysse F, Grobler A, Wang Y, Baur L, et al. Sleep and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cluster Analysis of Actigraphy-Derived Sleep Profiles in Adults and Children. Sleep 2021;44(7) doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsab014

Ng E, Wake M, Olds T, Lycett K, Edwards B, Le H, et al. Equivalence Curves for Healthy Lifestyle Choices. Pediatrics 2021;147(4) doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-025395

Olds T, Dumuid D, Wake M. Chapter 25 - Goldilocks Days: Optimal Activity Mixes in Australian Children. In: Gard M, Powell D, Tenorio J, eds. Routledge Handbook of Critical Obesity Studies. 1st ed. London: Taylor & Francis 2021.

Peng X, Picone DS, Schultz MG, Cai G, Wake M, Burgner DP, et al. Brachial-Cuff Excess Pressure Is Associated with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness among Australian Children: A Cross-Sectional Population Study. Hypertensension Research 2021;44(5):541-49. doi: 10.1038/s41440-020-00576-z

Shearer NJ, Gillespie AN, Olds TS, Mensah FK, Edwards B, Fernando JW, et al. Insights into Adolescent Well-Being from Computerised Analysis of Written Language. Acta Paediatrica 2021;110(6):1880-89. doi: 10.1111/apa.15813

Wang J, Quach J, Sung V, Carew P, Wake M. Ear Infection Trajectories and Academic, Behavioral, and Quality-of-Life Outcomes: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 2021;42(7):588-96. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000931 

2020

Andraos S, Lange K, Clifford SA, Jones B, Thorstensen EB, Kerr JA, et al. Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Its Precursors: Population Epidemiology, Parent-Child Concordance, and Associations with Reported Dietary Intake in 11- to 12-Year-Old Children and Their Parents. Current Developments in Nutrition 2020;4(7):nzaa103. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa103

Dumuid D, Simm P, Wake M, Burgner D, Juonala M, Wu F, et al. The "Goldilocks Day" for Children's Skeletal Health: Compositional Data Analysis of 24-Hour Activity Behaviors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2020;35(12):2393-403. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4143

Gokuladhas S, Schierding W, Cameron-Smith D, Wake M, Scotter EL, O'Sullivan J. Shared Regulatory Pathways Reveal Novel Genetic Correlations between Grip Strength and Neuromuscular Disorders. Frontiers in Genetics 2020;11:393. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00393

Lange K, Lycett K, Ellul S, Saffery R, Mensah F, Carlin J, et al. Cross-Sectional Metabolic Profiles of Mental Health in Population-Based Cohorts of 11- to 12-Year-Olds and Mid-Life Adults: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2020;54(9):928-37. doi: 10.1177/0004867420924092

Liao Z, Lamb KE, Burgner D, Ranganathan S, Miller JE, Koplin JJ, et al. No Obvious Impact of Caesarean Delivery on Childhood Allergic Outcomes: Findings from Australian Cohorts. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2020;105(7):664-70. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317485

Liu M, Lycett K, Moreno-Betancur M, Wong TY, He M, Saffery R, et al. Inflammation Mediates the Relationship between Obesity and Retinal Vascular Calibre in 11-12 Year-Olds Children and Mid-Life Adults. Scientific Reports 2020;10(1):5006. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61801-w

Liu M, Lycett K, Wake M, He M, Kerr JA, Saffery R, et al. Cardiovascular Health and Retinal Microvascular Geometry in Australian 11-12 Year-Olds. Microvascular Research 2020;129:103966. doi: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103966

Liu M, Lycett K, Wong TY, Grobler A, Juonala M, He M, et al. Associations of Retinal Microvascular Caliber with Large Arterial Function and Structure: A Population-Based Study of 11 to 12 Year-Olds and Midlife Adults. Microcirculation 2020;27(6):e12642. doi: 10.1111/micc.12642

Liu M, Lycett K, Wong TY, Kerr JA, He M, Juonala M, et al. Do Body Mass Index and Waist-to-Height Ratio over the Preceding Decade Predict Retinal Microvasculature in 11-12 Year Olds and Midlife Adults? International Journal of Obesity 2020;44(8):1712-22. doi: 10.1038/s41366-020-0584-9

Lycett K, Juonala M, Magnussen CG, Norrish D, Mensah FK, Liu R, et al. Body Mass Index from Early to Late Childhood and Cardiometabolic Measurements at 11 to 12 Years. Pediatrics 2020;146(2) doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3666

Matricciani L, Paquet C, Fraysse F, Wake M, Olds T. Sleep Profiles of Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents: Sociodemographic Characteristics and Lifestyle Correlates. Sleep Medicine 2020;73:53-62. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.04.017

Nguyen MT, Lycett K, Olds T, Matricciani L, Vryer R, Ranganathan S, et al. Objectively Measured Sleep and Telomere Length in a Population-Based Cohort of Children and Midlife Adults. Sleep 2020;43(1) doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz200

O'Connor M, Ponsonby AL, Collier F, Liu R, Sly PD, Azzopardi P, et al. Exposure to Adversity and Inflammatory Outcomes in Mid and Late Childhood. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - Health 2020;9:100146. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100146

Peng X, Wake M, Schultz MG, Burgner DP, Otahal P, Mynard JP, et al. Association of Brachial-Cuff Excess Pressure with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Australian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Hypertension 2020;38(4):723-30. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002310

Sweeney R, Chen G, Gold L, Mensah F, Wake M. Mapping PedsQL(Tm) Scores onto CHU9D Utility Scores: Estimation, Validation and a Comparison of Alternative Instrument Versions. Quality of Life Research 2020;29(3):639-52. doi: 10.1007/s11136-019-02357-9

Wang J, Liu M, Sung V, Lycett K, Grobler A, Burgner D, et al. Associations of Retinal Vessel Caliber with Hearing Status in Childhood and Midlife: A Cross-Generational Population-Based Study. JAMA Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery 2020;146(4):323-30. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2019.4484

Watson A, Dumuid D, Olds T. Associations between 24-Hour Time Use and Academic Achievement in Australian Primary School-Aged Children. Health Education & Behavior 2020;47(6):905-13. doi: 10.1177/1090198120952041 

2019

Andraos S, Wake M, Saffery R, Burgner D, Kussmann M, O'Sullivan J. Perspective: Advancing Understanding of Population Nutrient-Health Relations Via Metabolomics and Precision Phenotypes. Advances in Nutrition 2019;10(6):944-52. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmz045

Davis A, Liu R, Kerr JA, Wake M, Grobler A, Juonala M, et al. Inflammatory Diet and Preclinical Cardiovascular Phenotypes in 11-12 Year-Olds and Mid-Life Adults: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study. Atherosclerosis 2019;285:93-101. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.04.212

Dumuid D, Pedisic Z, Stanford TE, Martin-Fernandez JA, Hron K, Maher CA, et al. The Compositional Isotemporal Substitution Model: A Method for Estimating Changes in a Health Outcome for Reallocation of Time between Sleep, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 2019;28(3):846-57. doi: 10.1177/0962280217737805

Dumuid D, Wake M, Clifford S, Burgner D, Carlin JB, Mensah FK, et al. The Association of the Body Composition of Children with 24-Hour Activity Composition. Journal of Pediatrics 2019;208:43-49 e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.12.030

Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Tomkinson GR, Lycett K, Wake M, Burgner D, et al. The Great Leap Backward: Changes in the Jumping Performance of Australian Children Aged 11-12-Years between 1985 and 2015. Journal of Sports Sciences 2019;37(7):748-54. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1523672

Ho DSW, Schierding W, Wake M, Saffery R, O'Sullivan J. Machine Learning Snp Based Prediction for Precision Medicine. Frontiers in Genetics 2019;10:267. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00267

Juonala M, Ellul S, Lawlor DA, Santos Ferreira DL, Carlin JB, Cheung M, et al. A Cross-Cohort Study Examining the Associations of Metabolomic Profile and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Children and Their Parents: The Child Health Checkpoint Study and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Journal of the American Heart Association 2019;8(14):e011852. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011852

Kerr JA, Jansen PW, Mensah FK, Gibbons K, Olds TS, Carlin JB, et al. Child and Adult Snack Food Intake in Response to Manipulated Pre-Packaged Snack Item Quantity/Variety and Snack Box Size: A Population-Based Randomized Trial. International Journal of Obesity 2019;43(10):1891-902. doi: 10.1038/s41366-019-0407-z

Liu RS, Wake M, Grobler A, Cheung M, Lycett K, Ranganathan S, et al. Cross-Sectional Associations between Ideal Cardiovascular Health Scores and Vascular Phenotypes in 11- to 12-Year-Olds and Their Parents: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. International Journal of Cardiology 2019;277:258-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.11.020

Nguyen MT, Saffery R, Burgner D, Lycett K, Vryer R, Grobler A, et al. Telomere Length and Lung Function in a Population-Based Cohort of Children and Mid-Life Adults. Pediatric Pulmonology 2019;54(12):2044-52. doi: 10.1002/ppul.24489

Nguyen MT, Vryer R, Ranganathan S, Lycett K, Grobler A, Dwyer T, et al. Telomere Length and Vascular Phenotypes in a Population-Based Cohort of Children and Midlife Adults. Journal of the American Heart Association 2019;8(11):e012707. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012707

Wang J, Nguyen MT, Sung V, Grobler A, Burgner D, Saffery R, et al. Associations between Telomere Length and Hearing Status in Mid-Childhood and Midlife: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Ear and Hearing 2019;40(5):1256-59. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000705

Wang J, Quach J, Sung V, Carew P, Edwards B, Grobler A, et al. Academic, Behavioural and Quality of Life Outcomes of Slight to Mild Hearing Loss in Late Childhood: A Population-Based Study. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2019;104(11):1056-63. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-316917

Wang J, Sung V, Carew P, Liu RS, Burgner D, Wake M. Inflammation and Hearing Status in Mid-Childhood and Mid-Life: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Epidemiology 2019;48(5):1556-66. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz023

Wang J, Sung V, le Clercq CMP, Burt RA, Carew P, Liu RS, et al. High Prevalence of Slight and Mild Hearing Loss across Mid-Life: A Cross-Sectional National Australian Study. Public Health 2019;168:26-35. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.017

BMJ Open Special Issue

Wake M, Clifford SA. Population Health Bio-Phenotypes in 11-12 Year Old Children and Their Midlife Parents: Growing up in Australia's Child Health Checkpoint. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):1-2. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030833

Clifford SA, Davies S, Wake M, Child Health CheckPoint T. Child Health Checkpoint: Cohort Summary and Methodology of a Physical Health and Biospecimen Module for the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):3-22. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020261

Catchpool M, Gold L, Grobler AC, Clifford SA, Wake M. Health-Related Quality of Life: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):157-64. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022398

Clifford SA, Gillespie AN, Olds T, Grobler AC, Wake M. Body Composition: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):95-105. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023698

Dascalu J, Liu M, Lycett K, Grobler AC, He M, Burgner DP, et al. Retinal Microvasculature: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):44-52. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022399

Ellul S, Wake M, Clifford SA, Lange K, Wurtz P, Juonala M, et al. Metabolomics: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):106-17. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020900

Fraysse F, Grobler AC, Muller J, Wake M, Olds T. Physical Activity and Sedentary Activity: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):136-46. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023194

Kahn FK, Wake M, Lycett K, Clifford S, Burgner DP, Goldsmith G, et al. Vascular Function and Stiffness: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):34-43. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020896

Larkins NG, Kim S, Carlin JB, Grobler AC, Burgner DP, Lange K, et al. Albuminuria: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):75-84. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020262

Liu RS, Dunn S, Grobler AC, Lange K, Becker D, Goldsmith G, et al. Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness, Distensibility and Elasticity: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years Old and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):23-33. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020264

Matricciani L, Fraysse F, Grobler AC, Muller J, Wake M, Olds T. Sleep: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):127-35. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020895

Nguyen MT, Lycett K, Vryer R, Burgner DP, Ranganathan S, Grobler AC, et al. Telomere Length: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):118-26. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020263

Smith J, Wang J, Grobler AC, Lange K, Clifford SA, Wake M. Hearing, Speech Reception, Vocabulary and Language: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11 to 12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):85-94. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023196

Vivarini P, Kerr JA, Clifford SA, Grobler AC, Jansen PW, Mensah FK, et al. Food Choices: Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):147-56. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020898

Vlok J, Simm PJ, Lycett K, Clifford SA, Grobler AC, Lange K, et al. Pqct Bone Geometry and Strength: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):63-74. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022400

Welsh L, Kathriachchige G, Raheem T, Grobler AC, Wake M, Ranganathan S. Lung Function: Population Epidemiology and Concordance in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years and Their Parents. BMJ Open 2019;9(Suppl 3):53-62. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023486 

2014-2018

Andraos S, de Seymour JV, O'Sullivan JM, Kussmann M. The Impact of Nutritional Interventions in Pregnant Women on DNA Methylation Patterns of the Offspring: A Systematic Review. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2018;62(24):e1800034. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800034

Osborn W, Simm P, Olds T, Lycett K, Mensah FK, Muller J, et al. Bone Health, Activity and Sedentariness at Age 11-12years: Cross-Sectional Australian Population-Derived Study. Bone 2018;112:153-60. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.011

Wang J, le Clercq CMP, Sung V, Carew P, Liu RS, Mensah FK, et al. Cross-Sectional Epidemiology of Hearing Loss in Australian Children Aged 11-12 Years Old and 25-Year Secular Trends. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2018;103(6):579-85. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313505

Wang J, Sung V, Lycett K, Carew P, Liu RS, Grobler A, et al. How Body Composition Influences Hearing Status by Mid-Childhood and Mid-Life: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. International Journal of Obesity 2018;42(10):1771-81. doi: 10.1038/s41366-018-0170-6

Liu RS, Mensah FK, Carlin J, Edwards B, Ranganathan S, Cheung M, et al. Socioeconomic Position Is Associated with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Mid-Childhood: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Journal of the American Heart Association 2017;6(8) doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.005925

Rueb K, Mynard J, Liu R, Wake M, Vuillermin P, Ponsonby AL, et al. Changes in Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness During the Cardiac Cycle - a Comparative Study in Early Childhood, Mid-Childhood, and Adulthood. VASA Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten 2017;46(4):275-81. doi: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000630

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