CRE in Pneumococcal Disease Control (CRE-PDC) in the Asia-Pacific — 2021–2025 (archived)
This CRE has been archived.
This CRE was a five-year research program 2021–2025 funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).
The Centre for Research Excellence for Pneumococcal Disease Control (CRE-PDC) in the Asia-Pacific generated new evidence to support decisions regarding the sustainability of national immunisation for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) programs.
This CRE was a five-year research program 2021–2025 funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).
The Centre for Research Excellence for Pneumococcal Disease Control (CRE-PDC) in the Asia-Pacific generated new evidence...
This CRE was a five-year research program 2021–2025 funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).
The Centre for Research Excellence for Pneumococcal Disease Control (CRE-PDC) in the Asia-Pacific generated new evidence to support decisions regarding the sustainability of national immunisation for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) programs.
About the CRE-PDC
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia is the single biggest killer of children globally, accounting for the deaths of approximately 1.4 million children aged under five years each year. Pneumonia is more common in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
Surveillance for pneumococcal disease is important to describe disease trends, monitor changes in the frequency of antimicrobial-resistant strains, describe changes in pneumococcal serotypes (strains), monitor the impact of vaccines on disease, and advise on future vaccine development and the optimal schedule needed to control the disease.
To optimise a schedule, reduce the number of injections, and make space for other vaccines, reducing the schedule from a 3-dose to a 2-dose schedule in countries that have “mature” pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) programs and have pneumococcal vaccine-type disease controlled, could potentially improve the vaccine’s financial sustainability. This strategy is being pursued as part of a global PCV research agenda.
CRE-PDC addressed two outstanding research gaps for PCV use in the Asia-Pacific region:
- Country decisions regarding reduced dose PCV schedules (1+1), and
- Understanding serotype replacement following vaccine introduction.
Contact us
For more information on the CRE, please email us: show email address
Evaluating novel markers of pneumococcal vaccine immunity
Presentation at the International Society of Pneumonia and Pneumococcal diseases and was selected as part of two ‘Nature Special Collections’. The manuscript was accessed over 5,000 times signifying scientific impact.
Determining immune correlates of protection against pneumococcal carriage.
Ongoing analysis and data set collected for PhD.
Undertake health economic assessments of 1+1 PCV in Asia-Pacific countries
This project generated robust cost-effectiveness evidence in Fiji and budget impact evidence in both Fiji and Lao PDR on the value of a reduced-dose (1+1) PCV schedule, supporting more efficient allocation of limited health resources. Findings were translated into policy-relevant outputs and shared with ministries of health, national advisory groups, and technical and financial partners to inform vaccine schedule decisions and long-term program sustainability.
Impact of pneumonia on the health and economic wellbeing of the household
The project has helped inform the Lao PDR government on the current financial burden of severe childhood illnesses (predominantly pneumonia), highlighting inequities towards vulnerable populations, and provided further information towards the impact of the NHI scheme. The project also adds to the limited published literature on health inequities for child health in low-and-middle-income countries.
Evaluate the broader health, financial and equity impacts of alternative financing arrangements for PCV through extended cost-effectiveness analysis
This study advanced a pricing and market-shaping framework to inform more equitable pricing strategies. It showed that the 2021 global pricing policy favoured high-income countries and manufacturers, leading to a disproportionate share of benefits despite greater disease burden in low- and middle-income countries.
Serotype replacement in empyema
We established a platform to measure PCV impact and the effect of formulation and/or schedule changes in Asia and also led to the funding of a multicentre study across Australia to examine the impact of introduction of PCV20 on the pneumococcal epidemiology.
Papua New Guinea genomics
This project was initiated during the course of the CRE to address current and urgent data gaps in the region. It described the pneumococcal microbiology in cases, contacts and caregivers in PNG to identify the most appropriate sample population for carriage surveys. A high degree of previously undescribed diversity including 36 potential new genetic lineages have been found.
Identifying replacement serotypes
This research program characterised 5 novel serotype variants and demonstrated how they can be mistyped. The knowledge generated has led to the development and updates to serotyping tools used by surveillance labs including PneumoCaT, SeroBA and PneumoKITy, and exposed a critical flaw in the genomic tool used by UK surveillance labs and fostered an international collaboration to co-develop a new serotyping tool
Pneumococcal carriage density in young children in Papua New Guinea, Lao PDR, and Mongolia
This study identified limited differences in overall, vaccine type or non-vaccine type pneumococcal carriage density distribution in unvaccinated children but was one of the components that contributed to evidence for policy change in each of the countries
Extension of PNEUmococcal Carriage in Pneumonia To Investigate Vaccine Effects (PneuCAPTIVE) study in PNG
PCV13 serotype carriage was higher among malnourished compared to non-malnourished children, and this may have implications when selecting participants for pneumococcal carriage studies intended to monitor serotypes following PCV formulation or schedule changes. Studies enrolling only community-based children may underestimate residual vaccine-type circulation and should be considered for future pneumococcal surveillance in PNG.
The CRE-PDC programme delivered a strategically coordinated and multidisciplinary body of research to address priority evidence gaps in the region and generated substantial and high-quality research outputs.
Early career researchers (ECR) launching pad
We have compiled our new resource hub, where we collate resources relevant to early career researchers. These include resources on academic skills, networking and courses/seminars which are updated regularly.
Read more about the ECR launching pad and the Asia-Pacific Vaccine Research Network (APVRN).
Protecting children from pneumonia – NHMRC impact case study
An NHMRC impact case study showcasing Australian‑led research by MCRI and the University of Melbourne that has helped reduce childhood pneumonia deaths by informing global vaccine policy and improving access to pneumococcal vaccines in low‑ and middle‑income countries.
Read more on Protecting children from pneumonia.
Workshops and webinars
- Over 16 webinars and workshops with over 45 attendees from over 15 countries per session
- Eight investigator meetings with the international team
- Over eight Emerging Leaders Committee meetings with over 30 attendees from seven countries
Communications
Seven CRE newsletters and two MATE-ASIA newsletters:
- Newsletter – July 2024
- Newsletter – March 2023
- Newsletter – September 2022
- Newsletter – June 2022
- Newsletter – March 2022
- Newsletter – October 2021
- Newsletter – June 2021
Seminars
CRE Seminar Series available to watch on YouTube:
- Pneumococcal genomics
- Developing a research question
- Health economics for vaccine policy
- Building immunology laboratory capacity
- Data for immunisation policy decision-making
- Manuscript writing
Collaborative publications
Estimate 81 peer reviewed articles (see key publications)
2nd Asia-Pacific Forum on Sustainability and Current Priorities for Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCV), September 2025
Across three days, this forum provided a platform for researchers to share insights and collaborate on the future of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in the region.
- 67 registered participants from 18 countries
- 11 collaborators in-person from Vietnam, Philippines, Thailand, Fiji, Mongolia, Lao PDR, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand.
1st Asia-Pacific Forum on Access and Sustainability of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines: Data needs for decision-making, 2022
This event was sponsored by the CRE-PDC and the Gates Foundation. The forum had:
- 297 registrants from 28 countries
- 12 invited overseas guests from Fiji, Indonesia, Singapore, Mongolia, Philippines, Laos, Vietnam and UK
This three-day forum provided a platform for multidisciplinary pneumococcal experts, academics, governments, policymakers and health organisations to discuss:
- The access and sustainability of PCV in the Asia-Pacific region
- Key research needed to inform policy decisions
- How to support the development of research capacity in the region.
This event featured speakers from academic institutions and governments from the Asia-Pacific region, as well as from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), World Health Organization (WHO), members of the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE), UNICEF, the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI), and leading international pneumococcal experts.
Watch webinars from the events
Global health and building STEM capacity in the region
Improving and developing global health capacity and providing opportunities to women in STEM.
Work-in-progress of Emerging Leaders Committee
Description of the work in progress of the CRE-PDC, from the impact of health costs of pneumonia in households in Lao PDR to whole genome sequencing to assess the effectiveness of PCV and immunological analysis post PCV in Vietnam.
How low can you go? PCV schedules & policy decisions
PCV access and sustainability and the evidence supporting the removal of a dose from the schedule.
Immunological data for decision-making
The immunology of a reduced dose PCV schedule and the evidence from Vietnam.
Health economic data for decision-making
How to prioritise new vaccine introductions when budgets are limited and that are the data needs for PCV policy decision making
High-tech surveillance
Challenges and successes over a decade of pneumococcal genomic surveillance.
Vaccines and special populations
PCV vaccine candidates, vaccine schedule change in Australia and PCV use in malnutrition.
World Pneumonia Day: Child Survival - 12 Nov 2025
This day highlights that pneumonia remains the leading infectious killer of children under five, causing over 600,000 deaths annually. Urgent action is needed to ensure every breath matters.
World Pneumonia Day: Ensuring equity of access 2024
Each year World Pneumonia Day gives a collective call for global action. The CRE-PDC responded to this call to action by hosting World Pneumonia Day on the 15 November 2024. We bought together leading experts to discuss oxygen and the quality of care for pneumonia and vaccine gaps, priority and equity of access by experts in pneumonia and vaccine research.
David Danks Leaders in Science Seminar: Professor Stephen Bentley 2024
On 12 November 2024, the CRE-PDC hosted CRE investigator Professor Stephen Bentley. Professor Bentley leads a research team at the Wellcome Sanger Institute near Cambridge in the UK.
Over the last two decades, his research has pioneered the application of genomic technologies to understand the biology of bacterial pathogens.
ISPPD-13, Cape Town, South Africa 2024
The 13th Meeting of the International Society of Pneumonia & Pneumococcal Diseases (ISPPD-13) was held in Cape Town, South Africa, between 17-20 March 2024.
It is a global scientific event devoted to the exchange, advancement and dissemination of the latest discoveries in basic science, microbiology, epidemiology, treatment and prevention of pneumococci and pneumococcal disease.
Several CRE-PDC team members attended and presented work on the economic analysis of PCV and potential costed solutions to improve equitable access, dosing schedules and the relationship between Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza.
Emerging Leaders Committee: Work in Progress Symposium 2024
The Emerging Leaders Committee: Work in Progress Symposium was held on 26 February 2024 and provided the opportunity for early career researchers to present their work.
CRE investigators also gave project updates on:
- PCV impact and reduced dose schedule projects
- PCV immunity and immune correlates of protection projects
- Serotype replacement projects
- PCV health economics projects.
World Pneumonia Day: Championing the fight to stop pneumonia 2023
World Pneumonia Day 2023 was established by the Stop Pneumonia initiative in 2009 to raise awareness of the toll of pneumonia and to advocate for global action to protect against, help prevent and effectively treat pneumonia.
Pneumonia remains a leading killer of children and adults globally. Despite available interventions, pneumonia claims the lives of 800,000 children per year, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
This webinar included three internationally renowned speakers from the region that spoke about improving care for childhood pneumonia, outcomes for children with pneumococcal disease and the burden of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the region.
- Professor Trevor Duke: Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne.
- Professor Pope Kosalaraksa: Department of Paediatrics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Professor Anna Ong-Lim: Division of Infectious and Tropical Disease in Paediatrics, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila.
Emerging Leaders Committee: Work in Progress Seminar 2023
The Emerging Leaders Committee: Work in Progress Seminar featured four early career researchers working on pneumococcal or paediatric health-related research.
- Paige Skoko: PhD student, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Wisnu Tafroji: Researcher, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Fulgence Niyibitegeka: PhD student, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Dr Stephanie Clark: Paediatrician and clinical researcher, Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva, Fiji.
2nd Global Forum on Childhood Pneumonia 2023
Our CRE-PDC made a commitment during this forum in April 2023 to addressing outstanding research gaps for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) use in the Asia-Pacific region and increase the support it provides to governments in the region to help them translate research findings into immunisation policy.
Research focussed on PCV product selection, reduced-dose PCV schedules, the monitoring of disease control following vaccine introduction and schedule changes, and understanding pneumococcal serotype replacement following vaccine introduction.
The Centre prioritised capacity building of next-generation researchers to use this data to inform immunisation decision-making and mobilise a network of partners and emerging leaders through training opportunities and collaboration. This network advocated for equitable access to vaccines (PCV and RSV), including lower vaccine prices.
von Mollendorf, C., Mungun, T., Ulziibayar, M. et al. Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine six years post-introduction on pneumococcal carriage in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Nature Communications volume 15, Article number: 6577 (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50944-3
Russell FM, Chokephaibulkit K. Will two doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine be enough? Lancet Infect Dis. 2024 May;24(5):449-451. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00812-5. Epub 2024 Feb 1. PMID: 38310907.
Temple B, Tran H, Dai V et al. Efficacy against pneumococcal carriage and the immunogenicity of reduced-dose (0 + 1 and 1 + 1) PCV10 and PCV13 schedules in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: a parallel, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2023; 23, 933-944. doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00061-0
Jagne I, von Mollendorf C, Wee-Hee A, Ortika B, Satzke C, Russell FM. A systematic review of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine impact on pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonisation density in children under 5 years of age. Vaccine. 2023 May 5;41(19):3028-3037. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.063. Epub 2023 Apr 7. PMID: 37032228.3
Licciardi PV, Chokephaibulkit K, Satzke C. Pneumococcal serosurveillance: one piece of the puzzle. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 Nov;23(11):1212-1214. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00297-9. Epub 2023 Jul 7. PMID: 37429308.
Britton KJ, Pomat W, Sapura J, Kave J, Nivio B, Ford R, Kirarock W, Moore HC, Kirkham LA, Richmond PC, Chan J, Lehmann D, Russell FM, Blyth CC. Clinical predictors of hypoxic pneumonia in children from the Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea: secondary analysis of two prospective observational studies. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2024 Mar 27;45:101052. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101052. PMID: 38699291; PMCID: PMC11064719.
von Mollendorf C, Ong-Lim ALT. How have pneumococcal conjugate vaccines changed the pneumococcal disease landscape? Lancet Infect Dis. 2025 Apr;25(4):367-369. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00742-4. Epub 2024 Dec 17. PMID: 39706206.
von Mollendorf C, Licciardi PV. Adult pneumococcal vaccination: what are the gaps? Lancet Infect Dis. 2024 Oct;24(10):1068-1069. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00400-6. Epub 2024 Jul 1. PMID: 38964360.
Mackenzie GA, Osei I, Salaudeen R, Licciardi PV, Greenwood B, Mulholland K, Nguyen C. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination schedules in infants-acquisition, immunogenicity, and pneumococcal conjugate and yellow fever vaccine co-administration study: statistical analysis plan. Trials. 2024 Mar 26;25(1):216. doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08036-6. PMID: 38532475; PMCID: PMC10964629.
Quach A, Mayxay M, Bounvilay L, Thammavong A, Bounkhoun T, Phaiphichit C, Kingkeooudom N, Phangmanixay S, Souvannasing P, Ashley EA, Nguyen C, Carvalho N, Russell FM. Financial burden of severe childhood illness on households in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A prospective cohort study. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2026 Feb 20;6(2):e0004783. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004783. PMID: 41719292; PMCID: PMC12923058.
Toh ZQ, Ma YY, Temple B, Anderson J, Far HH, Phan TV, Dai VTT, Huu TN, Toan NT, Bright K, Nation ML, Ortika BD, Nguyen C, Smith-Vaughan H, Satzke C, Mulholland K, Licciardi PV. Relationship between IL-17_A and pneumococcal carriage in children aged under two years: data from a randomised controlled trial in Vietnam. Cytokine. 2026 Feb;198:157094. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2025.157094. Epub 2025 Dec 23. PMID: 41442837.
Russell FM, Bowen A, Cotton M, Mascareñas A, O'Ryan M; World Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. World Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases calls for action to ensure fair prices for vaccines. Lancet Glob Health. 2024 Jan;12(1):e22-e24. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00457-6. Epub 2023 Nov 16. PMID: 37980913.
Ong DS, Phan TV, Temple B, Toh ZQ, Nguyen CD, Vientrung K, Nguyen HVA, Thi Trang Dai V, Bright K, Tran HP, Higgins RA, Cheung YB, Vu Nguyen T, Mulholland K, Licciardi PV. Memory B cell responses induced by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedules with fewer doses: analysis of a randomised-controlled trial in Vietnam. Nat Commun. 2024 Aug 14;15(1):6968. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51413-7. PMID: 39138203; PMCID: PMC11322157.
von Mollendorf C, Jagne I, Ashley EA, Blyth CC, Chan J, Ford RL, Mayxay M, Mulholland EK, Mungun T, Narangerel D, Tundev O, Nation ML, Nguyen CD, Ortika BD, Pell CL, Sapura J, Vilivong K, Lai J, Zhang Y, Dance DAB, Pomat WS, Satzke C, Russell FM; PneuCaPTIVE Research Group. Evaluating the effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and clinical and demographic characteristics on pneumococcal carriage density in young children in Papua New Guinea, Lao PDR, and Mongolia. BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Dec 13;26(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-12328-w. PMID: 41388385; PMCID: PMC12821165.
Niyibitegeka F, Russell FM, Jit M, Carvalho N. Inequitable Distribution of Global Economic Benefits from Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Jul 12;12(7):767. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12070767. PMID: 39066405; PMCID: PMC11281544.
Dubot-Pérès A, Lee SJ, Dance DAB, Satzke C, Moore K, Pell CL, Ortika BD, Nation ML, Dunne EM, Vilivong K, Bounkhoun T, Phommachan S, Lim R, Lai J, Morpeth M, Mayxay M, de Lamballerie X, Newton PN, Russell FM. Pneumococcal density and respiratory co-detection in severe pediatric pneumonia in Laos. Sci Rep. 2025 May 21;15(1):17708. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01659-y. PMID: 40399319; PMCID: PMC12095513.
Manna S, Ortika BD, Werren JP, Pell CL, Gjuroski I, Lo SW, Hinds J, Tundev O, Dunne EM, Gessner BD, Russell FM, Mulholland EK, Mungun T, von Mollendorf C, Bentley SD, Hilty M, Ravenscroft N, Satzke C. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 33H: a novel serotype with frameshift mutations in the acetyltransferase gene wciG. Pneumonia (Nathan). 2025 Mar 25;17(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s41479-025-00162-2. PMID: 40128891; PMCID: PMC11934437.
von Mollendorf C, Lim R, Choummanivong M, Sychareun V, Vilivong K, Lai JYR, Chan J, Dunne EM, Phommachanh S, Moore KA, Ortika BD, Gray A, Weaver R, Mayxay M, Phetsouvanh R, Datta SS, Fox K, Newton PN, Mulholland KE, Nguyen CD, Dance DAB, Satzke C, Russell FM. Evaluation strategies for measuring pneumococcal conjugate vaccine impact in low-resource settings. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2022 Aug;21(8):1137-1145. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1965474. Epub 2021 Aug 19. PMID: 34378467; PMCID: PMC7616686.
Manna S, Spry L, Wee-Hee A, Ortika BD, Boelsen LK, Batinovic S, Mazarakis N, Ford RL, Lo SW, Bentley SD, Russell FM, Blyth CC, Pomat WS, Petrovski S, Hinds J, Licciardi PV, Satzke C. Variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 14 from Papua New Guinea with the Potential to Be Mistyped and Escape Vaccine-Induced Protection. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Aug 31;10(4):e0152422. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01524-22. Epub 2022 Jul 12. PMID: 35862970; PMCID: PMC9431120.
Funding
Thank you to our generous supporter, the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) for five years (2021-2025).
Collaborations
We partnered with leading institutions worldwide, including:
- The University of Melbourne
- Children’s Hospital in Westmead, Sydney
- Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
- Fiji Ministry of Health
- Laos Oxford Mahosot Wellcome Research Unit, Laos
- National Center for Communicable Diseases, Mongolian Ministry of Health, Mongolia
- Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
Chief Investigators
Professor Fiona Russell, Asia‑Pacific Health Group Leader at MCRI and the Director of the Child and Adolescent Health PhD Program at the University of Melbourne. Principal Investigator on pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) impact evaluations and surveillance studies in Fiji, Lao PDR, Mongolia and Papua New Guinea. These studies were funded by the Gates Foundation, Gavi, WHO and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), and are conducted in partnership with senior government officials and WHO.
Associate Professor Paul Licciardi, Immunologist and Senior Research Fellow at MCRI with expertise in evaluating vaccine immune responses in both animal models and humans. He is the Immunology Team Leader within the New Vaccines group at MCRI. Paul holds honorary appointments at the University of Melbourne and the Menzies School of Health Research, and is a Scientific Consultant at Singapore Polytechnic. He leads the immunology work on PCV reduced‑dose schedules in Vietnam and has established B‑ and T‑cell assays at MCRI and in Vietnam.
Associate Professor Catherine Satzke, Translational Microbiology Group Leader at MCRI. She has established gold‑standard approaches for pneumococcal carriage studies, including leading the WHO guideline for pneumococcal carriage, the authoritative standard in the field. Catherine leads microbiology activities for 10 PCV studies across the Asia‑Pacific region, oversees a laboratory training and capacity‑building program, and leads an experimental research program investigating the biology of pneumococcal carriage.
Professor Kim Mulholland, New Vaccines Group Leader at MCRI and holds a joint appointment at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He is a pre‑eminent world leader in pneumococcal vaccinology and has played a key role in advising WHO on the international pneumococcal research agenda. Kim led PCV impact evaluations in Mongolia and reduced‑dose schedule studies in Vietnam, funded by the Gates Foundation and Gavi, and is a co‑investigator on PCV impact studies in Lao PDR, Fiji and Papua New Guinea.
Professor Mark Jit, Chief Investigator and Professor of Vaccine Epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and a Visiting Professor at the University of Hong Kong School of Public Health. Mark is a world‑leading health economist whose research on vaccine economics has informed immunisation policy for a range of vaccines in low‑ and middle‑income countries, including PCV.
Professor Sarath Ranganathan, Director of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine at The Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH), Respiratory Group Leader at MCRI and Head of Department in the University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics. Sarath has extensive experience in the detection and monitoring of lung disease and holds leadership roles within paediatric respiratory medicine. His research findings have been translated into UK and Australian national clinical guidelines.
Professor Peter McIntyre, Medical Epidemiologist with a clinical background in paediatric infectious diseases, working across vaccine and vaccine‑preventable disease research.Peter was Deputy Director and later Director of the Australian National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS) from 1997 to 2017 and is now a Senior Professorial Fellow. He currently serves as the WHO Western Pacific regional representative on the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization.
Dr Natalie Carvalho, Health Economist and Senior Research Fellow at the University of Melbourne, based in the Centre for Health Policy (Health Economics Unit) and the Global Burden of Disease Group. Natalie's research focuses on the use of economic evidence in health policy decision‑making. She recently assessed the cost‑effectiveness of three new childhood vaccines—rotavirus, PCV and HPV—in four Pacific Island countries, funded by the Asian Development Bank.
Professor Yin Bun Cheung, based at the National University of Singapore and is an internationally renowned biostatistician. He has led multiple statistical methodology studies in infectious disease research funded by Singapore’s National Medical Research Council. Yin Bun Cheung established analytical methods for recurrent event data and antibody assay optical density data and currently serves on the data and safety monitoring board of the UK Medical Research Council sponsored Pneumococcal Vaccine Schedules Trial.
Dr Cattram Nguyen, Biostatistician and Senior Research Fellow at MCRI with honorary appointments at the University of Melbourne and the Victorian Centre for Biostatistics. Her research spans statistical methodology and applied maternal and child health research. Cattram was the trial statistician on six randomised controlled trials, including pneumococcal vaccine trials in Vietnam and The Gambia, and has contributed extensively to statistical training and knowledge translation.
Associate Investigators
Dr Toan Nguyen, Medical Doctor with expertise in public health, epidemiology and vaccinology, and is Head of the Clinical Research Center at the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Toan was an investigator on more than 17 vaccine clinical trials since 2009 and has contributed to national guideline development, including Vietnam’s National Vaccine Trial Guidelines. Establishing a clinical trial centre at the Pasteur Institute.
Professor Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit, Professor of Paediatrics at Mahidol University and Director of the Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research in Bangkok, Thailand. Kulkanya's research focuses on paediatric infectious diseases, vaccine responses and HIV infection. She has authored more than 220 peer‑reviewed publications and has held senior advisory roles within Thailand’s National Immunisation Program and National Vaccine Institute.
Professor Anna Lisa T. Ong‑Lim, Professor and attending paediatrician at the Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila. She is a Fellow and Board Trustee of the Philippine Pediatric Society and currently serves as President of the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines. She has led and contributed to numerous vaccine‑related clinical trials and clinical guideline development.
Professor Stephen Bentley, Molecular Microbiologist and global leader in bacterial genomics. He is a Principal Staff Scientist and Team Leader at the Wellcome Sanger Institute in Cambridge, UK. Stephen directed the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing Project, which has sequenced over 25,000 pneumococcal genomes from more than 50 countries. His work has informed next‑generation pneumococcal vaccine development and advanced understanding of pneumococcal transmission, vaccine escape and antimicrobial resistance.
Professor Mayfong Mayxay, Head of Field Research at the Lao‑Oxford‑Mahosot Hospital–Wellcome Trust Research Unit and Vice President of the University of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Lao PDR. Mayfong is a founding member of LOMWRU and the Lao Medical Journal and established the ethical committee for health research at the University of Health Sciences. His research interests include febrile illness, antimalarial resistance, dengue and Japanese encephalitis.
Dr Eric Rafai, Public Health Physician and Head of the Health Information Unit and International Projects at the Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services. Eric has more than 19 years’ experience in public health research and regional health initiatives and provides local advisory support for the Ministry’s participation in research projects, with interests including antimicrobial resistance, climate change and health.
Dr Tuya Mungun, Paediatrician with over 30 years’ experience in maternal and child health across Mongolia and Asia, working with governments and UNICEF. Tuya led a Gavi‑funded PCV impact evaluation in Mongolia in partnership with the Ministry of Health, MCRI and WHO.
Emerging Leaders Committee
Dr Claire von Mollendorf, Project Manager, Medical Epidemiologist and Senior Research Officer in the New Vaccines and Asia‑Pacific research groups at MCRI. Claire coordinated the paediatric PCV impact project in Mongolia, leads adult pneumonia surveillance in Mongolia and manages the Centre of Research Excellence.
Darren Suryawijaya Ong, Project Coordinator and Research Manager of the Asia‑Pacific Health Group and a Research Assistant in the New Vaccines Group at MCRI. Darren is also an infectious disease epidemiology student at the University of Melbourne. He has experience in vaccine clinical trials and epidemiological studies in low‑ and middle‑income settings and coordinates the Centre of Research Excellence.
Eleanor Neal, Epidemiologist with a Master of Public Health focused on international child health and infectious diseases epidemiology. Eleanor is a PhD candidate and Research Assistant with the Asia‑Pacific Health group at MCRI and the University of Melbourne. Her PhD research investigates nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage epidemiology and transmission in Fiji before and after PCV introduction.
Dr Ryan Toh, Early career researcher and immunologist in the New Vaccines Research Group at MCRI, with an honorary appointment at the University of Melbourne. Ryan has contributed to multiple vaccine clinical trials in low‑ and middle‑income countries and is currently involved in immunology research on PCV reduced‑dose schedules in Vietnam.
Dr Sam Manna, Microbiologist and Senior Research Officer in the Translational Microbiology group at MCRI. His research focuses on the biology, genetics and virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sam has received multiple awards for his work, including the Robert Austrian Research Award in Pneumococcal Vaccinology and the Australian Society for Microbiology Jim Pittard Award.
Dr John Hart, Senior Research Fellow, Tropical Disease group at MCRI.
Dr Eliza Nikolaou, Senior Resesarch Fellow, Translational Microbiology, MCRI
Dr Nadia Mazarakis, Senior Research Fellow, Vaccine Immunology, MCRI
Monica Nation, Epidemiologist, Translational Microbiology, MCRI
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